It is a biological therapy indicated for the treatment of poisoning by bites or stings of venomous or poisonous animals; for example, snakes, scorpions and spiders whose function is to counteract the effects of a venom or at least prevent the undesirable damage of the toxic compounds.

Although there are several classifications according to their composition, purity and neutralizing capacity, these classifications include monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms.

Monovalent is the one that recognizes and neutralizes the venom of a single species and is due to the fact that in its production process only the venom of a single species was used.

Polyvalent, is one that recognizes and neutralizes the venom of at least two different species and its neutralizing capacity depends on the number of venoms of different species that were used in its production.

Complete serum
Complete IgG
Fab fragments
F(ab')₂ fragments

1st Generation Hyperimmune serum, biological product, low efficacy and safety.

2nd Generation Complete immunoglobulins (IgG). Serum, purified biological product of moderate efficacy and safety.

3rd and 4th Generation [Fab/ F(ab')₂ antibody fragments]. Also called Fabotherapics, they are composed of the F(ab')₂ fragment of the immunoglobulin, resulting from pepsin digestion of the antibodies can neutralize the venom and reduce hypersensitivity reactions of immediate type (anaphylaxis) and delayed type (serum sickness). Biotechnological product of high efficacy and safety.

1. The venom of an animal (snake, scorpion or spider) is selected.

2. Horses are injected with this venom(s) so that their immune system responds by generating antibodies to all the components of the venom(s).

3. Plasma is extracted from the horses' blood.

4. The hyperimmune plasma is subjected to purification processes and strict quality controls.

5. The result is a sterile solution of antibodies or fragments of them and they are packaged in liquid or powder form (lyophilized).

When the antivenom enters the organism it goes through 3 phases:

RECOGNITION: The F(ab')₂ fragments specifically recognize the different toxic components of the venom.

PRECIPITATION: The F(ab')₂ fragments bind to the toxic components of the venom to neutralize them, forming a complex (F(ab')₂ fragment-toxic component).

ELIMINATION: The complex formed will facilitate the redistribution and elimination of the venom components from the organism.

It is the ability of antibodies or antibody fragments to recognize and bind to the components of venoms, which correlates with their potency and efficacy. The higher the specificity, the higher the efficacy.

Inosan antivenoms are produced using a state-of-the-art biotechnology manufacturing platform that meets the highest international quality standards.

Effectively covers all major medically important species in the Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and Middle East regions.

High Safety and Efficacy profile measured in extensive clinical studies.

No cold chain dependency due to lyophilized formulation.

By its level of highly purified F(ab')₂ > 90%.

Because they have no preservatives.

Because they are pyrogen-free.

All of the above reduces the risk of allergic reactions and serum sickness.

It is performed in animal models (mice), where the effective dose is determined according to the biological activity also known as "Neutralization Potency".

The design of the INOSAN AV´s is based on the WHO recommendation (Category 1) of the species of major medical importance for each region (Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa and Middle East).

Effective: To cover most common or widespread clinically important venomous snakes that result in high levels of morbidity, disability or mortality.

Safety/Tolerability: To allow use in remote rural health facilities.

Stability: Important in tropical regions to facilitate distribution.

Accessibility: Reliable source of supply and sustained availability.